CBD vs THC: A Simple Guide to Key Differences
A simple guide to understanding CBD and THC, two key cannabis compounds, with insights into their distinct characteristics and legal considerations in NZ.
Education
May 25
Navigating the world of cannabis compounds can be confusing, especially here in New Zealand where questions often arise about the differences between CBD and THC. Although both come from the same plant, they each have distinct properties, effects, and legal statuses. This guide breaks down what you need to know in a clear, practical way, helping you understand how CBD and THC differ, and why it matters.
CBD, short for cannabidiol, is one of many natural compounds (cannabinoids) found in cannabis plants. Unlike THC, CBD does not produce the euphoric or intoxicating effects commonly associated with cannabis use. Instead, CBD is associated with calming and soothing properties. In New Zealand, where CBD is available by prescription, it is often prescribed for stress relief to support restful sleep, or to manage mild discomfort.
In New Zealand, you can legally obtain CBD products only through a prescription from a healthcare professional. The products available must contain only trace amounts of THC, ensuring they are non-psychoactive.
CBD comes in various forms, primarily oils and capsules, but topical creams are also available. Other forms may be available depending on specific product approvals.
THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol, is another cannabinoid found in cannabis. This is the compound responsible for the psychoactive effects or the "high" feeling people typically associate with cannabis. THC affects your mood, senses, coordination, and cognitive functions.
In New Zealand, THC products are strictly controlled. Medicinal cannabis containing THC can only be legally accessed with a prescription from a registered healthcare provider for specific medical purposes.
Medicinal THC products generally come in carefully controlled forms, such as flowers (dried cannabis buds), medicinal oils, capsules, or sprays, and are prescribed mainly to help patients manage severe or chronic pain, chemotherapy-induced nausea, loss of appetite, or specific neurological conditions.
In some prescribed treatments, CBD and THC may be used together. CBD is non-intoxicating, while THC has psychoactive effects. When combined, they may interact in complex ways that influence how each compound affects the body.
This is sometimes referred to as the “entourage effect,” where cannabinoids may work synergistically. A 2011 review in the British Journal of Pharmacology suggests that combining cannabinoids may enhance therapeutic effects.
Some studies also indicate that cannabis products with a higher CBD-to-THC ratio may be associated with fewer unwanted side effects, though this may be due to lower THC content, not necessarily CBD counteracting it.
As research is ongoing, and individual responses can vary, combined use should only be undertaken under medical supervision.
In New Zealand, medicinal cannabis, including products containing CBD and THC, is regulated under strict legislation, regulations, and guidelines managed by Medsafe and the Ministry of Health. Products must comply with safety, quality, and purity standards. CBD and THC are only legally accessible through prescriptions from healthcare professionals.
CBD is generally considered non-addictive, making it suitable for longer-term use under medical supervision. However, THC can potentially lead to psychological dependence, especially with frequent, higher-dose use. It is essential to discuss risks and appropriate usage with your healthcare provider.
Selecting between CBD and THC products should always be guided by professional medical advice. Healthcare providers in New Zealand can help determine the most suitable cannabis-based therapy based on your medical condition, overall health, and treatment objectives.
Can CBD cause intoxication?
CBD is not considered intoxicating and does not produce the psychoactive effects typically associated with THC. However, individual responses may vary. Always consult your healthcare professional for personalised advice.
Is it safe to drive after consuming CBD or THC?
Driving while under the influence of THC products is illegal in New Zealand due to its potential to impair coordination, attention, and reaction time.
CBD is not known to impair driving in most people, but users should always monitor how they personally respond and avoid driving if they feel drowsy or impaired in any way.
You should always consult with your healthcare provider if you experience impairment, or have any concerns about potential impairment, from using medical products.
Are there potential risks associated with using CBD or THC?
All medications carry potential risks. While CBD is generally well tolerated, side effects such as fatigue or gastrointestinal discomfort may occur.
THC may cause side effects such as dizziness, anxiety, dry mouth, or impaired memory, especially at higher doses. Always seek medical advice before starting any cannabinoid treatment. Your doctor can provide guidance specific to your health needs.
This article provides general information only and does not replace advice from your doctor, lawyer, or healthcare provider. For help specific to your situation, speak with a qualified professional.
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